A sine wave is a smooth, periodic oscillation commonly used in mathematics, physics, and engineering. Its key characteristics are:
1. Amplitude: This is the maximum value or height of the wave from its central axis (equilibrium position). It represents the wave's strength or intensity. In a graph, amplitude is the distance from the centerline to the peak (positive or negative). Higher amplitude means the wave oscillates with more energy.
2. Frequency: This is the number of complete cycles the wave undergoes per unit of time, typically measured in Hertz (Hz). Higher frequency means the wave oscillates faster, resulting in more cycles per second.
3. Phase: The phase of a sine wave describes the position of the wave relative to a reference point at a given time. Phase shifts indicate whether the wave is ahead or behind another wave or a reference point. It is typically measured in degrees or radians, with a full cycle corresponding to 360 degrees or 2π radians.
These three characteristics define the shape and behavior of a sine wave in both time and space.
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